Infertility can be caused by male factors, female factors, a combination of both, or sometimes it remains unexplained.
Common causes include:

• Female Factors (about one-third of cases): Ovulation disorders (like PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes (e.g., from pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis), uterine issues (like fibroids), and age.
• Male Factors (about one-third of cases): Low or absent sperm count (oligospermia or azoospermia), poor sperm motility (movement), or abnormal sperm shape.

For Women: Female fertility declines with age, primarily because egg quality and quantity decrease over time. A healthy woman in her 20s or early 30s has a 25%-30% chance of conceiving each month, but by age 40, the chances are 10% or less.
For Men: While the decline is less dramatic, male fertility also decreases with age, affecting sperm quality and quantity.

Treatment depends on the cause of infertility. Options can range from simple treatments to advanced ones:

• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, stopping smoking/drinking, and reducing stress.
• Medication: Oral or injectable medicines to help women with ovulation problems ovulate.
• Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): A procedure where specially prepared sperm are placed directly into the uterus.
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): An Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) where eggs are removed, fertilized with sperm in a lab, and then transferred to the uterus.

Yes, several lifestyle factors can affect fertility in both men and women:

• Body Weight: Being overweight, obese, or underweight can disrupt hormonal balance and affect fertility.
• Smoking and Alcohol: These habits can harm both male and female fertility and should be reduced or quit when trying to conceive.
• Stress: Excessive physical or emotional stress can negatively impact fertility.